These are also known as tumor markers, are substances that are produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. These markers can be detected in blood, urine, or tissue samples and are used as diagnostic or prognostic tools in the management of cancer.
Here are some commonly used cancer markers:
1. CEA: Elevated levels of CEA are associated with various types of cancers, including colorectal, lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer.
2.PSA: PSA is primarily used as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Elevated levels of PSA may indicate the presence of prostate cancer, but it can also be caused by other conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
3. CA-125: This marker is mainly used for ovarian cancer. Elevated levels of CA-125 can also be found in other conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
4.AFP: AFP is primarily used as a marker for liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and certain types of germ cell tumors.
5. HCG: Elevated HCG levels can be found in certain types of testicular and ovarian cancers, as well as gestational trophoblastic disease.
It's important to note that the presence of these markers alone cannot confirm the presence or absence of cancer definitively.
They are typically used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and imaging studies to aid in cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of treatment response.
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